互联网、社交媒体不断派生新词、热词。虽然有些昙花一现,但有些却能步入主流,甚至还被词典收录。
目前,各大词典,包括韦氏、剑桥、牛津、柯林斯在内的四大词典都陆续公布了2023年度词汇
Webster's dictionaries
韦氏词典
Merriam-Webster
2023年度词汇
Authentic(真实的;真正的)
Authentic
形容词,表示“真的;真正的;可靠的;可信的”
英文解释
“If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is.”
It's a synonym for "real," defined as "not false or imitation." But it can also mean "true to one's own personality, spirit, or character" and, sneakily, "conforming to an original so as to reproduce essential features."
该词在AI时代下反映了真实的重要性。
韦氏词典出版社表示,随着人工智能技术异军突起,真假界限变得越来越模糊。虽然人们追求真实,但真实难以界定,常常引起讨论,促使很多人去字典中找寻真实的含义。
Cambridge Dictionary
2023年度词汇
Hallucinate
剑桥词典更新了词典里对 hallucinate 的定义,以解释其在AI背景下产生的新的含义,即:
When an artificial intelligence (= a computer system that has some of the qualities that the human brain has, such as the ability to produce language in a way that seems human) hallucinates, it produces false information.
当人工智能(=具有人脑所具有的某些品质的计算机系统,例如以看似人类的方式产生语言的能力)产生幻觉(hallucinate)时,它会制造虚假信息。
2023年度词汇
Rizz:强吸引力
今年的牛津辞典年度词汇由8个字词进行投票角逐
最终选出:
Rizz(魅力值)
style, charm or attractiveness
the ability to attract a romantic or sexual partner
——牛津大学
Rizz, an example of internet-driven slang, shot to the top of lookups when it was added to the dictionary in September.
Rizz是互联网流行词,当它在9月份被加入词典时,它的搜索量就跃居查询榜首。
荷兰弟
(蜘蛛侠的演员)
Tom Holland
在最近的采访中就多次用了rizz
“I have no rizz whatsoever, I have limited rizz”,
我一点魅力都没有,我只有很少的魅力
“I have no rizz whatsoever, I have limited rizz. My brother Paddy has ultimate rizz. … I don’t know, I need you to fall in love with me, really, for it to work. So long game, probably making a movie with each other definitely helps when the characters you’re playing are falling in love with one another. You can sort of blur the lines a little bit. That’s kind of where my rizz is at. And I’m, um, you know, I’m locked up so I’m happy and in love. So I’ve got no need for rizz.”
Rizz是“charisma”的缩写,意思是:
某个人很有魅力,有浪漫的吸引力,散发着自信,能轻易吸引异性。
rizz 可以当作动词使用,如“rizz up”,表示“吸引﹑诱惑或搭讪”。
▼ beige flag n. 平平无奇
▼ parasocial adj. 无边界感的粉丝文化
▼ situationship n.现代轻盈的亲密关系
▼ de-influencing n. 拔草
▼ Swiftie n. 泰勒·斯威夫特的狂热粉丝
Taylor Swift粉丝的统称:Swiftie,也入选了牛津年度词汇的榜单,喜欢霉霉的粉丝快来认领追星的高光时刻
▼ prompt n. 人工智能的指令
▼ heat dome n. 极热天气
2023年度词汇
AI
Artificial intelligence
2023年被讨论最多的AI功能日益强大,由此也引发了一些人的焦虑。跻身2023年林斯词典年度词汇候选名单的热词还有“拔草”、“裙带宝贝”、“贪婪通胀”、“超加工食品”等。
01 Bazball (贝兹球/巴兹打法)
02 Deinfluencing(拔草/反网红营销/反种草)
03 Nepo Baby(裙带宝贝)
04Ultra-processed Foods(超加工食品)
05Canon Event(关键事件/织网事件/正统事件)
06 Debanking(关闭账户)
07 Greedflation(贪婪膨胀)
08 Semaglutide(减肥药司美格鲁肽)
09 ULEZ (超低排放区)ps: ultra-low emission zone的缩写
虽然年度词汇的候选词不一定要是新词,但必须对所讨论的年份具有重要意义。牛津大学出版社表示,其2023年年度词汇的入围名单是为了“反映今年的情绪、风气或关注点”。
While word of the year contenders do not need to be new words, they must have a significance to the year in question. OUP said its 2023 shortlist was chosen to “reflect the mood, ethos, or preoccupations of the year.”
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